Introduction of Printing
| Introduction of basic printing | ||
| Relief printing | Relief printing refers to the selected wood or metal printing plate, using a knife or gouge to cut out the parts without images, and keep the parts with the image and need to be colored, and then use Paint or roll with ink on the reserved parts, and finally rub or emboss on the paper to get a picture. Because wood materials are easy to carve, woodcut prints are the earliest developed and oldest type of letterpress prints. Many woodcut prints are in color. Because each color needs a printing plate, the printing plates should be aligned very carefully during the printing process, otherwise the colors will overlap in the wrong position. The technique of carefully aligning the printing plates of various colors in the process of making prints is called "registration". |
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| Intaglio | Intaglio is an engraving technique or a method of etching with acid water to engrave the image inwardly under the surface of the printing plate instead of rising from the bottom. When making intaglio prints, the ink should be filled into the engraved grooves or the depressions etched by acid water, and then the excess pigment on the surface of the printing plate should be wiped off. When the printed paper and the printing plate pass through the gravure press, the pressure of the cylinder will absorb the ink of the concave part of the image on the paper surface, thus printing a print. The method of making prints using metal as a printing plate can be divided into two types: engraving and etching. The biggest difference lies in the method of manufacturing the grooves of the printing plate. Usually printmakers who use engraving techniques use tools specifically for engraving metal plates to cut directly on the metal plates. The most common tool is a chisel. A chisel is a tool with a sharp tip made of a hard metal. The artist will hold it and push it against the metal plate to carve lines on it. Etching is another technique of gravure. The method of making a printing plate with etching is to coat a thin layer of protective film on a metal plate, and then use an etching needle to draw an image on the protective film. Then the metal plate is rinsed with hydrochloric acid. At this time, the nicked part will be corroded by hydrochloric acid, and the remaining part will be protected by the protective mold, thus completing a printing plate. |
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| Lithography | Lithography refers to the technique of using a grease-based crayon material to paint on the surface of a stone plate (or metal plate) and engrave it into a printing plate. The method is to first apply water to the slate that has been painted with crayons, use the physical principle that the oily crayons can absorb ink and repel water, and then apply a layer of ink to make the imaged area receive the ink, and the imageless area Repel ink. Lithographs are often relaxed and lively—the effect of free flow. Although lithography was invented in 1786, it was not used for artistic creation until 1820. |
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Screen printing |
Screen printing uses the principle of "masking and exposure". On a screen with fine holes, the parts that do not need to be printed are covered with glue or sticky paper, resulting in a hollowed-out screen. Like, to make the technology of the printing plate. When making prints, the paint is squeezed on the screen with a squeegee so that it can be released to the surface of the object to be printed through the mesh to form prints. All prints made by screen printing are usually called serigraph. This technique is the latest type of printmaking technology, developed in the United States in the early twentieth century. When making color silk screen paintings, a piece of silk cloth is needed for each color. Some silk screen paintings can use as many as 20 colors. |
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Source: Visual Literacy Learning Network
